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Joining together two materials is for the most part a matter of chemistry.
How to select filler metal for welding. Ease of welding. Seven factors to consider. If one alloy is clearly the higher better of the two materials it is best to use a filler matching the chemistry of the higher alloy.
This gets complicated when one alloy is very strong and the other has better oxidation resistance. These factors include but are not limited to the type of steel type of weld loading on the welded joint applicable codes level of preheat level of restraint position of welding condition of the steel and service conditions. 6XXX series is a common base material used in aluminum applications and generally speaking its best filler metal match is either the 4XXX or 5XXX series.
Which filler metal best matches the base material. The base material to be welded. Weld Filler Metal Selection Chart for Shielded Metal Arc Welding SMAW For Various Metal Combinations.
Will it be exposed to sustained elevated temperatures. The filler metals are used or consumed and become a part of the finished weld. The special consideration cases have come about from past experiences in.
The base material to be welded the welding position regulatory specifications and codes design requirements shielding gas post-weld heat treatment and welding equipmentBelow is a detailed look at each of these factors and how they dictate which filler metal to use. Also we must realize that selection of a filler alloy that is not recommended for our specific application may result in inadequate service performance and possibly premature failure of the welded joint. When we choose an aluminum filler alloy we need to ask ourselves which of the variables associated with weld performance are of most importance.
Filler metal designations indicate strength in the first two digits after the letter E. Filler alloys for arc welding aluminum are evaluated against the following variables. At the brazing temperature it should have good wettability to ensure that the gap between the brazing seams is fully filled.
The L designation after any type indicates low carbon content. FillerBase Metal Strength Comparison in AWS D11 Table 31 Group I. There are many types of materials used to produce welds.
In general if you are welding stainless steel to carbon steel you will more than likely want to use some version of 309 filler metal. Selecting a filler metal. 250 58-80 400-550 50 min.
Weldment design and weld orientation The ability to flow into gaps is closely related to viscosity. A good rule of thumb is to use a filler as strong as the weaker of the two base metals. Filler metal is selected for a specific application.
If the chemistry of the materials matches the mechanical properties such as the tensile and yield strength will also match. There are seven key factors to consider when selecting a filler metal. Are strength ductility and toughness key requirements.
Use Type 308 filler to weld Type 304 stainless. Matching Strength Criteria Table 1. The attached Tables provide generally accepted electrode selections for the base materials shown along with process areas that need special consideration.
450 Weld is 12 ksi 80 MPa. The filler metal should have a suitable melting temperature range at least tens of degrees lower than the melting temperature range of the base metal. If you choose a solid-wire electrode GMAW the shielding gas can be one of many types but typically it will be 95 percent or more argon Ar balanced it with carbon dioxide CO2 oxygen O2 or helium He.
These welding materials are generally categorized under the term filler metals defined as the metal to be added in making a welded brazed or soldered joint. Base Metal AWS D11Table 31 Group I MatchingFiller Metal E60 Fy 48 ksi 330 MPa Fu 60 ksi 415 MPa Yield ksi MPa Tensile ksi MPa A36 36 min. This is because the additional alloying elements in Type 308 will better stabilize the weld area.
The filler metal you choose depends on how the finished weld will be used. However 308L is also an acceptable filler. The filler metal must match the strength oxidation resistance carburization resistance etc.
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